Medical conditions in dogs
What is Diabetes in dogs?
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar (glucose). In simple terms, it’s a condition where the pancreas either doesn’t produce enough insulin or the body’s cells don’t respond properly to the insulin that is produced. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose move from the bloodstream into the cells, where it’s used for energy. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the blood, leading to various health problems.
Diabetes
Types of diabetes in dogs
There are two main types of diabetes in dogs:
- Type 1 Diabetes (Insulin-Deficient Diabetes): This is the most common type in dogs. It occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin.
- Type 2 Diabetes (Insulin-Resistant Diabetes): This type occurs when the body’s cells become resistant to insulin, meaning they don’t respond properly to it. While less common in dogs compared to cats, it can still occur.
Symptoms and signs
How can I tell if my dog has diabetes?
Recognising the signs of diabetes early can help prevent complications. Common symptoms include:
- Increased Thirst (Polydipsia): Your dog may drink excessively.
- Increased Urination (Polyuria): Frequent and large amounts of urine.
- Increased Appetite (Polyphagia): Your dog may eat more than usual.
- Weight Loss: Despite an increased appetite, your dog may lose weight.
- Lethargy or Weakness: Reduced energy and activity levels.
- Cloudy Eyes (Cataracts): High blood sugar can lead to cataract formation.
- Sweet-Smelling Breath: Due to the presence of ketones.
- Recurrent Infections: Such as urinary tract infections or skin infections.
If you observe any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to consult your veterinarian promptly.
Diagnosis
How is diabetes in dogs diagnosed?
Your veterinarian will use a combination of methods to diagnose diabetes:
- Physical Examination: Assessing your dog’s overall health.
- Blood Tests: To measure blood glucose levels.
- Urine Tests: To check for glucose and ketones in the urine.
- Fructosamine Test: To provide an average blood glucose level over the past few weeks.
Causes
What are the causes of diabetes in dogs?
Several factors can contribute to diabetes in dogs:
- Genetics: Some breeds are predisposed to diabetes.
- Obesity: Excess weight can increase the risk of insulin resistance.
- Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas can damage insulin-producing cells.
- Hormonal Imbalances: Certain hormonal conditions can affect insulin production.
- Medications: Some medications can increase the risk of diabetes.
- Age: Older dogs are more prone to developing diabetes.
Treatment
What are the treatment options for diabetes in dogs?
Managing diabetes requires a consistent and dedicated approach:
- Insulin Therapy: Daily insulin injections are typically required to regulate blood sugar levels.
- Dietary Management: A consistent, high-fibre, low-fat diet is essential.
- Regular Exercise: Consistent exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity.
- Monitoring Blood Glucose: Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels at home is crucial.
- Regular Veterinary Check-ups: Regular visits to the veterinarian are necessary to monitor your dog’s condition and adjust treatment as needed.
- Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial.
It’s vital to work closely with your veterinarian to develop a comprehensive management plan that’s tailored to your dog’s specific needs. With proper care and attention, dogs with diabetes can enjoy a good quality of life.
