As our beloved dogs age, or sometimes even earlier in life, they can develop arthritis. It’s a condition that can cause discomfort and limit their mobility, but with the right care, we can help them live happy and fulfilling lives.
What is Arthritis?
Arthritis, or osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease that causes inflammation, pain, and stiffness in the joints. It occurs when the cartilage, the smooth, protective tissue that cushions the joints, breaks down. This breakdown leads to bone rubbing against bone, causing pain and inflammation.
What are the Types of Arthritis?
While osteoarthritis is the most common form, there are other types of arthritis that can affect dogs:
- Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease): The most prevalent type, caused by wear and tear of the joints.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system attacks the joints.
- Septic Arthritis: Caused by a bacterial infection in the joint.
Symptoms and Signs of Arthritis in Dogs
Recognising the signs of arthritis early can help us provide timely care. Common symptoms include:
- Limping or Lameness: Difficulty walking or putting weight on a leg.
- Stiffness: Especially after rest, such as after sleeping or lying down.
- Reluctance to Move: Hesitation to jump, climb stairs, or play.
- Pain or Discomfort: Whining, panting, or guarding a joint.
- Swelling in the Joints: Visible swelling around the affected joints.
- Decreased Activity Level: A noticeable reduction in energy and enthusiasm.
- Irritability or Changes in Behaviour: Due to pain and discomfort.
- Muscle Atrophy: Loss of muscle mass around the affected joint.
Causes
Several factors can contribute to arthritis in dogs:
- Age: Older dogs are more prone to wear and tear of the joints.
- Genetics: Certain breeds are predisposed to arthritis (e.g., Labradors, German Shepherds).
- Obesity: Excess weight puts extra stress on the joints.
- Joint Injuries: Previous injuries, such as ligament tears or fractures.
- Developmental Abnormalities: Conditions like hip or elbow dysplasia.
How is Arthritis in Dogs Diagnosed?
Your veterinarian will use a combination of methods to diagnose arthritis:
- Physical Examination: Assessing joint movement, pain, and swelling.
- Radiographs (X-rays): To visualise the joints and assess cartilage damage.
- Joint Fluid Analysis: To check for infection or inflammation.
- Medical History: Discussing your dog’s symptoms and activity level.
Arthritis in Dogs Treatment
While arthritis cannot be cured, it can be managed effectively to improve your dog’s comfort and quality of life:
- Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce stress on the joints.
- Pain Management:
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) prescribed by your vet.
- Other pain medications, such as gabapentin or tramadol.
- Joint Supplements: Glucosamine and chondroitin to support joint health.
- Physiotherapy: Gentle exercises to improve joint mobility and muscle strength.
- Hydrotherapy: Water-based exercises to reduce stress on the joints.
- Acupuncture: Can help relieve pain and inflammation.
- Laser Therapy: Can help reduce pain and inflammation.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged joints.
- Environmental Adjustments: Providing comfortable bedding, ramps, and non-slip flooring.
- Diet: Special diets that support joint health.
It’s essential to work closely with your veterinarian to develop a comprehensive treatment plan that’s tailored to your dog’s specific needs. Regular check-ups and monitoring are crucial to ensure your dog’s comfort and well-being.