Skin Allergies in Dogs

Medical conditions in dogs

What are Skin Allergies?

Skin allergies in dogs, also known as allergic dermatitis, occur when the immune system overreacts to certain substances (allergens) that come into contact with the skin. This immune response leads to inflammation, itching, and various skin problems.

Skin allergies

Types of skin allergies in dogs

There are three main types of skin allergies in dogs:

  • Flea Allergy Dermatitis: This is the most common type of skin allergy in dogs. It’s caused by an allergic reaction to flea saliva. Even a single flea bite can trigger intense itching and skin irritation in sensitive dogs.  
  • Food Allergies: These allergies are triggered by certain proteins in food, such as beef, chicken, dairy, or wheat.  
  • Environmental Allergies (Atopic Dermatitis): This type of allergy is caused by inhaled allergens like pollen, dust mites, mould spores, and grasses.  

Symptoms and signs

How can I tell if my dog has skin allergies?

Recognising the signs of skin allergies can help you seek timely veterinary care. Common symptoms include:

  • Excessive Itching, Scratching, Licking, or Chewing: Often focused on the face, ears, paws, armpits, and groin.  
  • Hair Loss: Patches of missing fur or thinning hair.  
  • Redness and Inflammation: Irritated and inflamed skin.  
  • Rashes or Hives: Raised, red bumps on the skin.  
  • Skin Infections: Secondary bacterial or yeast infections due to scratching and broken skin.  
  • Ear Infections: Frequent ear infections can be a sign of allergies.  
  • Staining: Reddish-brown staining on the fur, particularly around the paws and face, from excessive licking.  

If you observe any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to consult your veterinarian promptly.

Diagnosis

How are skin allergies in dogs diagnosed?

Diagnosing skin allergies can involve several steps:

  • Physical Examination: Your vet will examine your dog’s skin and coat.  
  • Medical History: Discussing your dog’s symptoms, diet, and environment.
  • Flea Control Trial: To rule out flea allergy dermatitis.
  • Food Elimination Trial: To identify potential food allergens.  
  • Intradermal Allergy Testing: To identify environmental allergens.
  • Blood Tests: To rule out other conditions and assess overall health.
  • Skin Scrapings and Cytology: To check for mites or infections.

Causes

What are the causes of skin allergies in dogs?

As mentioned earlier, the causes of skin allergies vary depending on the type:

  • Flea Allergy Dermatitis: Flea saliva.  
  • Food Allergies: Specific proteins in food.
  • Environmental Allergies: Inhaled allergens like pollen, dust mites, and mould.  

Treatment

What are the treatment options for skin allergies in dogs?

Treatment will depend on the type of allergy and its severity:

  • Flea Control: Strict flea control is essential for all dogs with skin allergies, even if fleas aren’t the primary cause.
  • Food Allergy Management: Switching to a hypoallergenic diet or conducting a food elimination trial.  
  • Environmental Allergy Management:
    • Avoidance: Minimising exposure to identified allergens.  
    • Medications: Antihistamines, corticosteroids, or other medications to manage itching and inflammation.  
    • Immunotherapy (Allergy Shots): To desensitise the immune system to allergens.  
  • Topical Treatments: Medicated shampoos, conditioners, and sprays to soothe the skin.  
  • Management of Secondary Infections: Antibiotics or antifungals to treat skin infections.

It’s crucial to work closely with your veterinarian to develop a comprehensive treatment plan for your dog. With patience, persistence, and the right approach, you can help your dog find relief from the discomfort of skin allergies.